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Slide Text

Slide Notes


Indiana Jones and the Server of Doom


CFObjective 09
CFObjective 09
Mike Brunt – CFWhisperer

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Server of Doom


Who am I, what am I and why am I here?
Who am I, what am I and why am I here?
I have been using CF since 1996, version 1.54 (dbml) and am still actively developing in CF.
I worked for Allaire-Macromedia as a ColdFusion-Spectra consultant.
Co-founded Webapper (SeeFusion crowd) carried on the Allaire-Macromedia consulting work.
Here to show ColdFusion performance improvement techniques and optimal database environment planning.

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Slide 3

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Slide 4


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
1/ Analyze Current Production Logs (no more than 7 days old)
2/ Enable Metrics Logging
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging
4/ Analyze Results and Change Arguments – JVM (this is iterative)
5/ Optimal Database Configuration Planning

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Slide 5

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Slide 6


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
1/ Analyze Current Production Logs (no more than 7 days old)
05/12 09:09:50 Error [jrpp-2112] - TYPE: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError EXCEPTION: null null <br>The error occurred on line -1. PAGE: /internal/slowpage.cfm?printPage=report_internal&requesttimeout=999999 REFERRER: http://acmecorp/internal/slowpage.cfm?PrintPage=report_internal

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Slide 7


Ten Steps To A Stable and Performant Web Application
Ten Steps To A Stable and Performant Web Application
2/ Enable Metrics Logging
Irrespective of whether we have or use ColdFusion Server Monitor, SeeFusion or Fusion Reactor; we always recommend the turning on of Metrics Logging and leaving it on in production.  The overhead is insignificant and the help we can get at times of server stress is priceless in some cases. Edit the jrun.xml file…
On a Standard install - {drive}Coldfusion8\runtime\servers\coldfusion\SERVER-INF
On an Enterprise Multiple Instance install - {drive}\JRun4\servers\coldfusion\SERVER-INF

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Slide 8


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
2/ Enable Metrics Logging (changes made in yellow)
<!-- -->
<service class="jrunx.metrics.MetricsService" name="MetricsService">
<attribute name="bindToJNDI">true</attribute>
</service>

<!-- ================================================================== -->
<!-- This Service creates the runnable scheduler -->
<!-- ================================================================== -->
<service class="jrunx.scheduler.SchedulerService" name="SchedulerService">
<attribute name="bindToJNDI">true</attribute>
<attribute name="activeHandlerThreads">25</attribute>
<attribute name="maxHandlerThreads">1000</attribute>
<attribute name="minHandlerThreads">20</attribute>
<attribute name="threadWaitTimeout">180</attribute>
<attribute name="timeout">600</attribute>
</service>
<!-- ================================================================== -->
<!-- This Service represents JRun's logging facility -->
<!-- ================================================================== -->
<service class="jrunx.logger.LoggerService" name="LoggerService">
<attribute name="format">{server.date} {log.level} {log.message}{log.exception}</attribute>
<!-- You can modify format to suit your need. -->
<!-- EXAMPLE: <attribute name="format">{date MM/dd HH:mm:ss} {log.message}{log.exception}</attribute> -->
<attribute name="errorEnabled">true</attribute>
<attribute name="warningEnabled">true</attribute>
<attribute name="infoEnabled">true</attribute>
<attribute name="debugEnabled">false</attribute>
<!-- You may also need to uncomment MetricsService if you want metrics enabled -->
<attribute name="metricsEnabled">true</attribute>
<attribute name="metricsLogFrequency">60</attribute>
<attribute name="metricsFormat">Web threads (busy/total): {jrpp.busyTh}/{jrpp.totalTh} Sessions: {sessions} Total Memory={totalMemory} Free={freeMemory}</attribute>
<service class="jrunx.logger.ThreadedLogEventHandler" name="ThreadedLogEventHandler">
<service class="jrunx.logger.ConsoleLogEventHandler" name=":service=ConsoleLogEventHandler" />
<service class="jrunx.logger.FileLogEventHandler" name="FileLogEventHandler">
<attribute name="filename">{jrun.rootdir}/logs/{jrun.server.name}-{log.level}-event.log</attribute>

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Slide 9


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
2/ Enable Metrics Logging example output goes into the –out.log and also into a dedicated metrics log which is created as a result of the previous changes in the jrun.xml from use of the {log.level} modifier.
01/05 12:17:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520048 Free=158060
01/05 12:18:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520432 Free=215408
01/05 12:19:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520984 Free=164688
01/05 12:20:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520000 Free=93655
01/05 12:21:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520832 Free=58571
01/05 12:22:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520792 Free=83309
01/05 12:23:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520496 Free=105955

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Slide 10


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging
In step 3 we will enable verbose garbage collection logging, these details apply to the Sun Java Virtual Machine (JVM). We will already have some indication of how the total and free memory is behaving from the data produced by the metrics logging we enabled in step 2. 
01/05 12:17:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520048 Free=158060
01/05 12:18:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520432 Free=215408
01/05 12:19:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520984 Free=164688
01/05 12:20:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520000 Free=93655
01/05 12:21:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520832 Free=58571
01/05 12:22:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520792 Free=83309
01/05 12:23:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520496 Free=105955
The Memory= metric shows the total memory available to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) heap and the Free= metric shows how much memory is still available to the heap, unused.  In this case, we can already see that free memory gets very low from time to time, what we want to look at next, is the detail of what the generations of memory in the JVM heap are doing.

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Slide 11


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging (The Three Main Generations)
The New or Young Generation - This is where all objects created in an application first go, to be very basic when someone clicks on something an object is created in memory and goes into the New-Young generation.  At this point there will be "references" to that object from the application and ongoing garbage collections check all objects for references.  After around 40 to 45 attempts to collect an object, in the New-Young generation it is moved to the next generation, if it cannot be collected, that generation is called the Old or Tenured generation..  One point about the New-Young generation is that in almost every case we observe this generation at 100% in ColdFusion applications.  In many of those cases we cannot set that generation high enough to avoid 100% usage, this comment applies to 32-bit installs.
The Old or Tenured Generation - As mentioned in the section above, objects that are not collected whilst in the New-Young generation, after 40-45 attempts, are moved into the Old-Tenured generation. This generation is effectively only collected when there is a Full Garbage Collection (Full GC).  Full GC's, in the current family of Sun JVM's are "stop-the-world" events in the sense that for the duration of the Full GC the JVM stops doing all else.  Therefore, too many Full GC's of too long a duration will impact performance, negatively and that is one of the things we always look for.
The Permanent Generation/PermGen - This is where the classes required by JRun-ColdFusion are stored along with some of the cached objects in the ColdFusion application layer. The thing that we want to avoid here is this generation permanently sitting at 100% with no room to grow.  In a lot of cases, we have seen out of memory errors caused by the permanent generation running at 100%.

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Slide 12


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging
The way that we enable verbose garbage collection, is by passing 4 arguments to the JVM via the jvm.config file.  This is an example of those arguments...
-XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -verbose:gc -Xloggc:cfwhispererGC.log
This set of arguments will produce logging output which will go into a file called "cfwhispererGC.log" in the {drive}\JRun4\bin directory on an Enterprise multiple instance install and into the {drive}\ColdFusion8\runtime\bin directory on a standard install of ColdFusion.  The next slide has sample output…

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Slide 13


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging – here is actual sample output.
{Heap before GC invocations=1281 (full 2):
PSYoungGen total 55360K, used 55360K [0x2bef0000, 0x2f7d0000, 0x2f7d0000)
eden space 52608K, 100% used [0x2bef0000,0x2bef0000,0x2f250000)
from space 2752K, 67% used [0x2f250000,0x2f422630,0x2f500000)
to space 2816K, 0% used [0x2f510000,0x2f510000,0x2f7d0000)
PSOldGen total 466048K, used 464447K [0x0f7d0000, 0x2bef0000, 0x2bef0000)
object space 466048K, 99% used [0x0f7d0000,0x2bd5fde8,0x2bef0000)
PSPermGen total 46848K, used 46842K [0x037d0000, 0x06590000, 0x0f7d0000)
object space 46848K, 99% used [0x037d0000,0x0658e878,0x06590000)
This tells us that there have been a total of 1281 garbage collections of which 2 were Full GC's.{Heap before GC invocations=1281 (full 2):
It also shows us that the New-Young generation is at 100% used - PSYoungGen total 55360K, used 55360K [0x2bef0000, 0x2f7d0000, 0x2f7d0000)
In addition, that the Permanent generation is at 99% used - PSPermGen total 46848K, used 46842K [0x037d0000, 0x06590000, 0x0f7d0000) object space 46848K, 99% used [0x037d0000,0x0658e878,0x06590000)

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Slide 14


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
3/ Enable Verbose Garbage Collection Logging
The arguments we need to pass to tune the JVM memory behavior will be added to the jvm.config file which resides here…
On a Standard install - {drive}Coldfusion8\runtime\bin\
On an Enterprise Multiple Instance install - {drive}\JRun4\bin\
In a default install of ColdFusion the initial memory settings are these…
java.args=-server -Xmx512m XX:MaxPermSize=192m
These are inadequate in almost every case all we have here are upper limits on the total and permanent generation. Let’s revisit the metrics logging output…

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Slide 15


Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
Steps To A Stable and Efficient ColdFusion Application
4/ Analyze Results and Change Arguments – JVM (this is iterative)
Metrics Logging Output:

01/05 12:17:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520048 Free=158060
01/05 12:18:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520432 Free=215408
01/05 12:19:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/28/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520984 Free=164688
01/05 12:20:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520000 Free=93655
01/05 12:21:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520832 Free=58571
01/05 12:22:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520792 Free=83309
01/05 12:23:09 metrics Web threads (busy/total/wait): 1/27/0 Sessions: 1 Total Memory=520496 Free=105955
Verbose GC Output:
PSYoungGen total 55360K, used 55360K [0x2bef0000, 0x2f7d0000, 0x2f7d0000)
eden space 52608K, 100% used [0x2bef0000,0x2bef0000,0x2f250000)
from space 2752K, 67% used [0x2f250000,0x2f422630,0x2f500000)
to space 2816K, 0% used [0x2f510000,0x2f510000,0x2f7d0000
We will use this output to add/modify the arguments to the JVM via the jvm.config file…
Defaults at CF install - java.args=-server -Xmx512m XX:MaxPermSize=192m
Modified - java.args=-server Xms1024m –Xmx1024m -XX:PermSize=96m -XX:MaxPermSize=192m -XX:NewRatio=3
This will start the heap with 1GB of space with the same max ceiling value, give the Permanent Generation a start size of 96MB and allocate one quarter of the total heap size (256MB) to the New/Young Generation.

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